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00.018.0.03.003. Arracacha virus A

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.018.0.03.003. Arracacha virus A. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: the Andes; Peru.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Arracacia xanthorrhiza (arracacha).

Natural host and symptoms
Arracacia xanthorrhiza — yellow mosaic.

Reference to Isolation Report
Jones and Kenten (1978).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.018.0.03.003. Virus accession number: 18003003. Obsolete virus code: 18.0.3.0.003; superceded accession number: 18030003.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

ICTV approved acronym: AVA. Virus is an ICTV approved species of the genus 00.018.0.03. Nepovirus in the family 00.018. Comoviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of 26 nm. Capsids appear hexagonal in outline.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Reference for electron microscopic methods: Jones and Kenten (1978).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.32 g cm-3 (T), or 1.45 g cm-3 (M), or 1.52 g cm-3 (B). There are 3 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is of the fastest 125 S20w (B, of the other(s) are 92 S20w (M), or 50 S20w (T). A260/A280 ratio is 0.65 (T), or 1.5 (M), or 1.85 (B). The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 65-70°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 15 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 5.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 43.5% of the virion by weight (B), or 32.5% of the virion by weight (M), or 0% of the virion by weight (T). The genome is segmented; bipartite, segements are distributed among 2 particle types of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. The complete genome is 12500 nucleotides long. The RNA-1 is sequenced, and complete sequence is about 8000 nucleotides long. RNA-2 complete sequence is about 4500 nucleotides long. The multipartite genome is divided among different particles, each segment encapsidated separately and the segments are distributed between 2 different types of particles. The largest particles contain one molecule each of RNA-1 and RNA-2. The medium sized particles contain one molecule of RNA-2, or two molecules of RNA-2. The smallest particles contain no nucleic acid and are found in the top (sedimenting component T) band after sedimentation. Reference to nucleotide sequence Jones and Kenten (1980).

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 56.5% of the particle weight (B), or 67.5% of the particle weight (M), or 100% of the particle weight (T).

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).

Structural Proteins: Reference to method of preparation: Jones and Kenten (1978).

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Antigenicity

The virus does not show serological relationships to potato black ringspot, arabis mosaic, artichoke Italian latent, cherry leaf roll, cacao necrosis, grapevine Bulgarian latent, grapevine chrome mosaic, grapevine fan leaf, mulberry ringspot, myrobalan latent ringspot, potato U, peach rosette mosaic, raspberry ringspot, strawberry latent ringspot, tobacco ringspot, tomato black ring (Scottish and English strains) and tomato ringspot viruses (Jones and Kenten, 1978, 1980; Jones et al., 1982).

Diagnostics and Reference Collections

The best tests for diagnosis are arracacha A and B viruses are readily distinguishable by serology and by inoculation to Chenopodium quinoa, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Nicotiana clevelandii and Vigna unguiculata.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector (probably, transmitted by vegetative propagation. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by contact between hosts; transmitted by seeds (readily in Nicotiana clevelandii).

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by nematodes (probably).

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in many families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Pedaliaceae, Portulacaceae, Solanaceae, Tetragoniaceae, Umbelliferae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Amaranthus caudatus, Anthriscus cerefolium, Arracacia xanthorrhiza, Beta vulgaris, Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cv. Greyhound), Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium foliosum, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Clitoria ternatea, Coriandrum sativum, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Datura stramonium, Gomphrena globosa, Hyoscyamus niger, Lycopersicon esculentum, Montia perfoliata, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana bigelovii, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana occidentalis, Nicotiana tabacum, Petunia x hybrida, Physalis floridana, Physalis peruviana, Sesamum indicum, Solanum demissum, Solanum tuberosum, Tetragonia tetragonioides.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of local lesions, mosaics, mottling and may recover.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Compositae, Cruciferae, Labiatae, or Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Solanaceae, Umbelliferae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Brassica campestris ssp. rapa, Capsicum annuum, Daucus carota, Ocimum basilicum, Petroselinum crispum, Phaseolus acutifolius, Phaseolus vulgaris, Solanum chacoense, Solanum melongena, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica, Zinnia elegans.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Chenopodium murale, C. quinoa, Nicotiana clevelandii — local lesions or rings; systemic mosaics and mottling.

Tetragonia tetragonioides — systemic mottling and necrosis.

Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Brassica campestris ssp. rapa, Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna unguiculata, Capsicum annuum, Solanum melongena.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Chenopodium quinoa, Nicotiana clevelandii (best).

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Chenopodium murale (L, W), C. quinoa (L, W).

References to host data: Jones and Kenten (1978).

Geographical Distribution

The virus spreads in South and Central Americas. The virus occurs in Peru.

References

Jones, R.A.C. and Kenten, R.H. (1978). Ann. appl. Biol. 90: 85.

Jones, R.A.C. and Kenten, R.H. (1980). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 216, 4 pp.

Jones, R.A.C., Fribourg, C.E. and Koenig, R. (1983). Phytopathology 73: 195.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.
A description of this taxon can also be found on the web at VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description; VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 33 by R.A.C. Jones, 1984. Revised 1989.

A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 216.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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