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00.071.0.01.012. Tobacco mosaic virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.071.0.01.012. Tobacco mosaic virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: Russian Federation (and the U.S.A).

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Nicotiana tabacum.

Natural host and symptoms
Nicotiana tabacum — leaf mosaic, severe crop losses.

Also found in many other plant species.

Reference to Isolation Report
Mayer (1886, Iwanowski (1892, Allard (1914, Stanley (1935).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.071.0.01.012. Virus accession number: 71001012. Obsolete virus code: 71.0.1.0.012; superceded accession number: 71010012.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12242.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): virus mosaique de tabac, tobacco mosaic virus — U1, tobacco mosaic virus — type, tobacco mosaic virus — vulgare, tobacco mosaic virus common strain. ICTV approved acronym: TMV. Virus is an ICTV approved species. Virus is of the genus 00.071.0.01. Tobamovirus; not assigned to a family.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is rod-shaped, straight with a clear modal length with a length of 300 nm and a width of 18 nm. Axial canal is distinct; 2 nm in diameter. Basic helix is obvious. Pitch of helix is 2.3 nm.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains many virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Gooding and Hebert (1967, Asselin and Zaitlin (1978).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.325 g cm-3. There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations (the main component is of intact virions, but shorter rods are found, and two of these contain encapsidated sub-genomic RNAs). The sedimentation coefficient is 194 S20w. Isoelectric point pH is 3.5. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 3000 days. The infectivity is not changed by treatment with ether; retained when deproteinized with proteases; retained when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 5% of the virion by weight. The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of linear positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions. The encapsidated nucleic acid is mainly of genomic origin, but virions may also contain nucleic acid of host origin and subgenomic mRNA including host rRNA. The complete genome is 6395 nucleotides long. The RNA is fully and partially sequenced, complete sequence is 6395 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number
[D13367] Gb(84)_vi:MTVCP Tobacco mosaic virus CP gene. 7/94 474bp.
[D13438] Em(40)_vi:MTVGRNA Gb(84)_vi:MTVGRNA Tobacco mosaic virus genomic RNA. 12/93 6,507bp.
[D17458] Em(40)_vi:MTV30KP Gb(84)_vi:MTV30KP Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA for 30K protein, complete cds. 3/94 795bp.
[D38444] Em(44)_vi:Mtvcg Gb(90)_vi:Mtvcg Tobacco mosaic virus RNA. 10/94 6,303bp.
[J02412] Em(40)_vi:TO30KOM Gb(84)_vi:MTV30KOM tobacco mosaic virus 30k protein gene. 4/90 961bp.
[J02413] Em(40)_vi:TOC30KCP Gb(84)_vi:MTV30KCP tobacco mosaic virus(cowpea strain) 30k & coat protein genes. 4/90 1,800bp.
[J02415] Gb(84)_vi:MTVVCG Tobacco mosaic virus (strain vulgare), complete genome. 9/88 6,395bp.
[L11665] Em(40)_vi:MTVNGHYPE Gb(84)_vi:MTVNGHYPER Tobacco mosaic virus RNA. 8/93 6,506bp
[L35073] Gb(84)n:MTVCOATPRA Tobacco mosaic virus coat protein, complete cds. 8/94 678bp.
[L35074] Gb(84)n:MTVCOATPRO Tobacco mosaic virus coat protein, complete cds. 8/94 680bp.
[M19101] Em(40)_sy:AGVCHY Gb(84)_sy:SYNRMTVCHY Tobacco mosaic virus/calf chymosin recombined mRNA, promoter and 5' end. 7/89 101bp.
[M19102] Em(40)_sy:AGVLSZ Gb(84)_sy:SYNRMTVLSZ Tobacco mosaic virus/chicken lysozyme recombined mRNA, promotor and 5' end. 7/89 107bp
[M19103] Em(40)_sy:AGVCAT Gb(84)_sy:SYNRMTVCAT Tobacco mosaic virus/plasmid pJII2 chloramphenicol transferase recombined mRNA, leader and 5'
[M19104] Em(40)_sy:AGVNTP Gb(84)_sy:SYNRMTVNTP Tobacco mosaic virus/plasmid pJII3 neomycin phosphotransferase II recombined mRNA, leader and
[M19105] Em(40)_sy:AGVGUSA Gb(84)_sy:SYNVGUSA Tobacco mosaic virus/plasmid pJII119 beta-glucuronidase recombined mRNA, leader and 5' end. 7
[M19106] Em(40)_sy:AGVGUSB Gb(84)_sy:SYNVGUSB Tobacco mosaic virus/plasmid pJII139 beta-glucuronidase recombined mRNA, leader and 5' end. 7
[M24809] Em(40)_vi:TOBMTVGT Gb(84)_vi:MTVGTAMV tobacco mosaic virus RNA, 3' end. 2/90 72bp.
[M24955] Em(40)_vi:MTVU1RAA Gb(84)_vi:MTVU1RAA Tobacco mosaic virus (U1) omega RNA. 9/90 70bp.
[M24992] Gb(84)_vi:MTVU2RAA Tobacco mosaic virus (U2) omega RNA. 9/89 93bp.

[V01405] Em(40)_vi:TOTMV1 Gb(84)_vi:TOTMV1 Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA 5' coding region (nucleotides 69 to 236). 7/89 168bp.
[V01407] Em(40)_vi:TOTMV3 Gb(84)_vi:TOTMV3 Two tobacco mosaic virus genes (viral transport and coat protein). 9/93 961bp.
[V01408] Em(40)_vi:TOTMV4 Gb(84)_vi:TOTMV4 Tobacco mosaic virus genome (variant 1). 7/83 6,395bp
[V01409] Em(40)_vi:TOTMV5 Gb(84)_vi:TOTMV5 Tobacco mosaic virus genome (variant 2). 7/83 6,398bp.
[X00052] Em(40)_vi:TOTMV6 Gb(84)_vi:TOTMV6 Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) common strain OM. 5'-terminal region. 6/85 275bp.
[X00053] Em(40)_vi:TOTMV7 Gb(84)_vi:TOTMV7 Tobacco mosaic virus tomato (TMV) strain L. 5'-terminal region. 6/85 278bp.
[X02144] Em(40)_vi:TOTMV8 Gb(84)_vi:TOTMV8 Tobacco mosaic virus tomato strain (L) genome. 9/93 6,384bp.
[X66047] Em(40)_vi:TMV54KDA Gb(84)_vi:TMV54KDA Tobacco Mosaic Virus RNA for 54 kDa protein. 6/92 1,566bp.
[X68110] Em(40)_vi:TMVCG Gb(84)_vi:TMVCG Tobacco mosaic virus, complete genome. 10/92 6,395bp.
[X70882] Em(40)_vi:TMVPM2CP Gb(84)_vi:TMVPM2CP Tobacco mosaic virus PM2 mRNA for capsid protein. 7/93 765bp
[X70883] Em(40)_vi:TMVDT1CP Gb(84)_vi:TMVDT1CP Tobacco mosaic virus DT1 mRNA for capsid protein. 7/93 765bp.
[X70884] Em(40)_vi:TMVDT2CP Gb(84)_vi:TMVDT2CP Tobacco mosaic virus DT2 mRNA for capsid protein. 7/93 763bp.
[X70885] Em(40)_vi:TMVDT1GCP Gb(84)_vi:TMVDT1GCP Tobacco mosaic virus DT1G mRNA for capsid protein. 7/93 763bp.
[Z29370] Em(40)_vi:TMVRPTPCP Gb(84)_vi:TMVRPTPCP Tobacco mosaic virus (Crucifer) genomic RNA for RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; 122K protein.
[M25782] Em(43)_vi:Sllcp Gb(89)_vi:Sllcp Satellite tobacco mosaic virus coat protein RNA, complete cds. 11/94 1,058bp. The genome has a base ratio of 25.3 % guanine; 29.8 % adenine; 18.5 % cytosine; 26.3 % uracil. The 5'-end of the genome has a methylated nucleotide cap. The 3'-terminus has a tRNA-like structure that can be aminoacylated with histidine. Reference to nucleotide sequence Goelet et al., (1982, Mandeles and Bruening (1968).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 95% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 2 structural protein(s).

Structural Proteins: Reference to method of preparation: Fraenkel-Conrat (1957, Collmer et al. (1983).

Reference to amino acid sequence or composition Goelet et al., (1982).

Non-Structural Proteins: Virus-coded non-structural proteins have been identified by sequence analysis and 4 non-structural protein(s) are found.

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Polyamines

Other compounds that have been detected in the virus particles are include a trace amount of metal ions.

Genome Organization and Replication

By itself, genomic nucleic acid is infectious.

Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is present in infected cells; encoding the coat protein.

Translation: Coat protein mRNA is translated in the cytoplasm.

The genome replicates in possibly on membranous structures in the cytoplasm: the protein synthesized by cytoplasmic ribosomes, the assembly site for virions not known.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to all species of the genus related to different extents (Van Regenmortel, 1970).

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass ASTERIDAE.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is not transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; transmitted by contact between hosts; transmitted by seeds (occasionally transmitted through the testa, but not through the embryo, not transmitted by pollen.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in many families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Papaveraceae, Solanaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Beta vulgaris, Capsicum frutescens, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium hybridum, Chenopodium quinoa, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Datura stramonium, Lactuca sativa, Lycopersicon esculentum, Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana bigelovii, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana tabacum, Papaver nudicaule, Phaseolus vulgaris, Physalis floridana, Physalis peruviana, Solanum tuberosum.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, or Compositae, Convolvulaceae, Cruciferae, Gesneriaceae, Gramineae, or Labiatae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Malvaceae (1 /1), or Solanaceae, or Umbelliferae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Apium graveolens, Avena sativa, Bellis perennis, Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Cheiranthus cheiri, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Dahlia pinnata, Daucus carota, Dianthus barbatus, Gossypium hirsutum, Helianthus annuus, Hordeum vulgare, Ipomoea nil, Ipomoea setosa, Matthiola incana, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Pastinaca sativa, Petroselinum crispum, Petunia x hybrida, Pisum sativum, Raphanus sativus, Salvia splendens, Secale cereale, Sinningia speciosa, Solanum melongena, Solanum nigrum, Spinacia oleracea, Stellaria media, Triticum aestivum, Zea mays, Zinnia elegans.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Nicotiana tabacum (various cultivars) — systemic mosaic.

Chenopodium quinoa, Nicotiana glutinosa and N. tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc — local lesions.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Nicotiana tabacum cv. Turkish Samsun.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Chenopodium quinoa (L), Nicotiana glutinosa (L), N. tabacum cvs Samsun NN or Xanthi-nc (L).

References to host data: Holmes (1946, Cheo and Gerard (1971).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in all parts of the host plant. Virions are found in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and chloroplast (possibly).

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are crystals and amorphous X-bodies. Inclusions contain mature virions. Other cellular changes include chloroplasts disrupted in systemic infections.

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide.

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Japanese common strain, masked strain M and many others.

References

Allard, H.A. (1914). Bull. U.S. Dep. Agric. 40: 33 pp.

Asselin, A and Zaitlin, M. (1978). Virology 91: 173.

Butler, P.JG (1984). J. gen. Virol. 65: 253.

Cheo, P.C. and Gerard, J.S. (1971). Phytopathology 61: 1010.

Clark, M.F. and Bar-Joseph, M. (1984). Methods in Virol. VII, p. 51.

Collmer, CH, Vogt, V.M. and Zaitlin, M. (1983). Virology 126: 429.

Fraenkel-Conrat, H. (1957). Virology 4: 1.

Garcia-Arenal, F., Palukaitis, F. and Zaitlin, M. (1984). Virology 132: 131.

Gibbs, AJ. (1977). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 184, 6 pp.

Goelet, P., Lomonossoff, G.P., Butler, P.JG, Akam, M.E., Gait, M.J. and Karn, J. (1982). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 79: 5818.

Gooding, J.V. and Hebert, T.T. (1967). Phytopathology 57: 1285.

Haseloff, J., Goelet, P., Zimmern, D., Ahlquist, P., Dasgupta, R. and Kaesberg, P. (1984). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 81: 4358.

Hills, JG, Plaskitt, K.A., Young, M.D., Dunigan, D.D., Watts, J.W., Wilson, T.MA and Zaitlin, M. (1987). Virology 161: 488.

Hirth, L. and Richards, K.E. (1981). Adv. Virus Res. 26: 145.

Holmes, F.O. (1946). Phytopathology 36: 643.

Iwanovski, D. (1892). Izv. imp. Akad. Nauk. 35: 67.

Mandeles, S. and Bruening, G. (1968). Biochem. Prep. 12: 111.

Mayer, A (1886). Landw. VersStnen 32: 451.

Milne, R.G. (1984). Methods in Virol. VII, p. 88.

Rezaian, MA, Williams, RHV., Gordon, K.H.J., Gould, AR. and Symons, RH (1984). Eur. J. Biochem. 143: 277.

Stanley, W.M. (1935). Science 81: 644.

Tsugita, A, Gish, D.T., Yopung, J., Fraenkel-Conrat, H., Knight, CA and Stanley, W.M. (1960). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 46: 1463.

Van Regenmortel, M.H.V. (1970). Virology 31: 467.

Van Regenmortel, M.H.V. (1981). In: Handbook of Plant Virus Infections and Comparative Diagnosis, p. 541; ed. E. Kurstak. Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam.

Zaitlin, M. and Israel, H.W. (1975). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 151, 5 pp.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 803 by M. Zaitlin, 1984. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 370.

Images

Taxon images: • EM by Dr Robley Williams. • EM from IACR Rothamsted.



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ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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